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[ Home ] |
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[ Forest Types ] |
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[ Home ] |
[ Study Area ] |
[ Forest Types ] |
[ References ] |
[ The Team ] |
[ Contact ] |
[ Links ] |
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Erect or diffuse, shrub like perennial, up to 1.8 m tall, hairy or with the older stems and undersurface of young leaves densely felted with white wooly tomentum. Leaves rugose, ovate, elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, 6-24 x 2-12 cm, from a variable, generally unequal base, mostly acuminate. Flowers white with bluish veins, in few flowered, somewhat sticky clusters, sessile on axillary and terminal panicles; capsule 6-8 seeded.
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Argemone maxicana L. Family : Papaveraceae Vernacular : Kandiara, Satyanasi Characters : Erect, prickly, 60-120 cm tall, bluish-green annual with yellow juice. Leaves amplexicaul, sinuate-pinnatifid, variegated, 8-20 x 12-14 cm in diameter; sepals 2-3, horned at apex. Capsule ellipsoid, 2-4 cm long, prickly. Seeds blackish, 2mm in diameter, deeply pitted.
Given in dysentery and intestinal infections. Considered as remedy for skin diseases. |
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Campanula benthamii Wall. Family : Campanulaceae Vernacular : Gurghanti, Nalghantu Characters : Hairy, 15-60 cm tall annual, simple or with several erect stems from base. Leaves linear oblong or lanceolate, 1.5-5 x 0.25-1.2 cm, crenate-serrate to entire, radical and lower cauline often spathulate, up to 7 x 2 cm. Flowers in panicles or clusters, normal ones 0.7-1 cm long with greyish to bluish-purple to white corolla, the cleistogamic much smaller and apetalous, capsule obconic, dehiscing by valves at base.
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Erect, 0.6-1.5 m tall herb or under shrub. Leaflets 3-5 pairs, thin, ovate to oblong lanceolate, 2.5-9 x 1.5-4.5 cm, paler beneath. Flowers 1.5-3 cm diameter, mostly in axillary and terminal racemes; bracts conspicuous, white, tinged with purple. Pod 9.5-12.5 x 0.6-0.8 cm often curved, 20-30 seeded; seeds compressed, brownish.
Roots used in skin diseases, leaves and fruits are anthelmintic. Seeds used in diabetes. |
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Centella asiatica Urban Family : Apiaceae Vernacular : Brahmi, Ghor-sumbi Characters : Slender herb, often forming dense mats along moist canal banks and wet borders of fields. Leaves rather thick, 1.5-5.8 cm across. Umbels 3-6 flowered, clustered at nodes. Fruit laterally compressed, 2.5-3.5 mm across; pericarp thickened.
Entire plant given in leprosy. Plant also considered useful in epilepsy and as a tonic for brain. It has been reported to improve the power of speech and poetic imagination. |
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Corchorus tridens Family : Tiliaceae Vernacular : Chukkri Characters : Erect, pubescent, low annual, hardly 25 cm high; branches few, spreading or ascending. Leaves linear-oblong or lanceolate, 4-7 x 0.4-1.5 cm ,crenate-serrate, with a pair of filiform tails; petioles 3-8 mm long. Flowers small, yellow, 1-3 on leaf-opposed peduncles. Seeds black.
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Crotalaria medicaginea Lamk. Family : Fabaceae Vernacular : Gulabi Sann Characters : Diffuse, low growing, adpressedly silky perennial herb; stems 8-25 cm long, many from a branched root stock. Leaflets obvate oblanceolate, 0.5-2 x 0.2-1 cm, glabrous above, silky beneath. Flowers yellow, streaked with red, 8 mm long, on 6-12 flowered racemes. Pod 4-5 mm long, thinly adpressed, silky.
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Dicliptera bupleuroides Nees Family : Acanthaceae Vernacular : Kalu Gha, Chuddu Muddu Characters : Diffuse, pubescent herb; stems up to 60 cm long, tufted or straggling; internodes long, ovate or elliptic, mostly 4-8 x 1.5-4 cm, in long petiole. Flowers pink, spotted with purple, crowded in bracteate clusters at the ends.
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Duchesnea indica Focke. Family :Rosaceae Vernacular : Pannakhe Characters : Low, stoloniferous herb, clothed with spreading hairs. Leaves tri-foliate chiefly radical, cauline few; petiole 2-15 cm long. Leaf lets sericeous, 1.2-3 x 1-2.5 cm, coarsely toothed. Flowers yellow, 1.5 cm in diameter on long, slender peduncles. Achenes minute; receptacle red.
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Eremostachys superba Royle Family : Labiatae Vernacular : Gajar Moola Characters : Un branched, stout herb, 0.6-1.1 m tall; leaves chiefly radical, pinnately lobed and divided, 12-20 cm long. Very variable to the degree of wooliness of spike and calyces but recognized easliy by large whorls of very showy flowers with erect, hooded upper lip densely white villous within. Calyx lobes nearly obsolete, stiffy apiculate. Nutlets densely bearded at the truncate top.
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Euphorbia hirta L. Family : Euphorbiaceae Vernacular : Suhi Dudhli, JarDudhli Characters : Erect or ascending , 15-50 cm high annual, not infrequently prostrate and tufted when growing in dry, rocky situations, leaves in equilateral, elliptic or ovate oblong, 1.2-4.5 x 0.6-2 cm, whitish beneath, with the upper surface purple blotched along midrib or wholly copper coloured. Involucres crowded in ultimately pedunculate, capitate cymes, terminal and from alternate axils; glands 4, seeds reddish, 3 gonous, faintly transversally wrinkled.
Plant used to treat colic troubles, dysentery, cough, asthma, worms and vomiting. It has vermifuge properties. |
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Evolvulus alsinoides L. Family : Covolvulaceae Vernacular : Neeli Shankhpushpi Characters : Softly thin hairy to densely grey-villous herb, diffuse or nearly prostrate and tufted, with much branched, wiry stems 6-25 cm but sometimes up to 70 cm long, from a perennial rootstock. Leaves ovate, elliptic or lanceolate-oblong, 0.6-2.5 x 0.3-1.2 cm, sometimes larger and shortly petiolate. Flowers blue, 0.6-1 cm diameter or in larger forms a little less than twice as much, 1-3 on spreading peduncles; pedicles deflexed. Seeds 4, dark brown.
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Incarvillea emodi Chatterji Family : Bignoniaceae Vernacular : Lal Kour Characters : Erect, 25-30 cm high herb with woody base and 8-18 cm long, pinnately 7-11 foliate leaves; leaflets thick, ovate or elliptic, 1-3.5 x 0.7-2 cm, toothed. Flowers deep pink with yellow-tinged corolla tube, 3.5-5 cm long. Capsule terete, about 11 cm long. Seeds tuburculate, 2.4 cm long, including the laciniated, hyaline wing on either side.
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Lathyrus sativus L. Family : Fabaceae Vernacular : Khesri Characters : Much branched, climbing or trailing annual; stems up to 60 cm long. Leaves ending in a branched, sometimes simple tendril; leaf lets lanceolate or linear, 2-7 x 0.3-1.5 cm. Flowers solitary, 1-2 cm long; pod 2.5-4.5 cm long, 3-5 seeded; seeds compressed, yellowish-brown.
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Launaea procumbens Ram. & Raj Family : Asteraceae Vernacular : Phul-Dudli Characters : Glabrous, perennial herb; stems tufted. 15-75 cm ling, spreading or decumbent. Leaves chiefly radical, rather thick, often purplish with age, spreading, oblong to obovate-oblong, white, spinulose teeth. Head yellow, 1.5-2.5 cm diameter, more or less raceomse, often clustered. Achenes pale, columnar or curved and compressed, thick-ribbed.
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Leucas capitata Desf. Family : Labiatae Vernacular : Bhidoo Characters : Erect, stout annual, 25-60 cm tall, clothed with spreading, coarse hairs; stems obtusely, 4 angled and grooved. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate 5-10 x 1.5-3.5 cm, distantly toothed. Flowers white; dense, many flowered, globose, 2.5-5 cm diameter, terminal or with one from the upper axil as well. Calyx 1.2-1.8 cm long; mouth villous within. Nutlets brown, 3.5-4 cm long.
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Lindenbergia indica Vatke Family : Scrophulariaceae Vernacular : Soddar Characters : Glandular villous to nearly glabrous, 15-30 cm high, erect or more often tufted, leafy annual, usually hanging or growing straight from the crevices in walls. Leaves glandular-villous, up to 8-5.5 cm, crenate serrate. Flowers yellow with the corolla tube flushed with reddish.
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Malvastrum coromandelianum L. Family : Malvaceae Vernacular : Baddi Barear Characters : Erect or sub erect, usually gregarious herb; branches 30-60 cm long, strigose. Leaves coarsely toothed, 2.5-9.5 x 1.5-5.5 cm, straight nerved. Flowers yellow. 1.5-2 cm in diameter, axillary or terminal. Fruit 6 mm in diameter; carpels 8-12, with a straight beak and 2 dorsal hooked points, 1 seeded; seeds dark brown.
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Mazus japonicus Kuntze Family : Scrophulariaceae Vernacular : Characters : Rosulate annual, forming dense, hairy tufts, 10-20 cm in diameter on swampy or wet sandy stream banks, more slender and sometimes nearly glabrous in lawns and pastures. Leaves mainly radical, obovate or obovate-spathulate, irregularly crenate or toothed, 1.5-8 x 0.8-1.5 cm. Flowers white or with shades of blue or violet mixed with yellowish, 0.8-1.5 cm long. Calyx accrescent and star like in fruit.
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Mentha longifolia Huds. Family : Labiateae Vernacular : Jungli Pootna Characters : Strongly somatic, hoary tomentose or pubescent herb, 0.6-1 m tall, with densely grey or white tomentose under surface of leaves. Leaves oblong or ovate lanceolate, 2.5-6 x 1-2 cm. Flowers white tinged with light-purple, in dense whorls forming 5-15 cm long, slender, terminal and axillary, interrupted spikes.
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Oxalis corniculata L. Family : Oxalidaceae Vernacular : Khati, nikki Ammi Characters : Diffuse, pubescent, creeping or ascending herb; branches slender, 10-66 cm long or more, rooting at nodes. Leaves tri-foliate on 2-5 cm long petioles; leaflets 1-2.5 cm wide. Flowers 1-1.5 cm in diameter, sub umbellate on axillary peduncles. Capsule cylindric, tomentose, 1.5 cm long; seeds minute, brown, transversally rugose. Flowering : November-June
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Physalis minima L. Family : Solanaceae Vernacular : Patakka Characters : Erect or diffuse, 30-50 cm high, puberulous annual. Leaves thin, ovate, entire or irregularly toothed or sinuate, 3-8 x 2-5.5 cm. Flowers yellow, rarely spotted with brown at the base with I, solitary, deflexed. Ripe berry greenish-yellow, 0.8-1.2 cm diameter, imprisoned within 1.6-2.5 cm long calyx.
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Plantago lanceolata L. Family : Plantaginaceae Vernacular : Gobba, Bhumman-Gha Characters : greyish green, densely silky to nearly glabrous herb with erect to almost spreading, rather thin, lanceolate-acuminate leaves, blade 6-30 x 17 cm long petiole. Flowers in ovoid or cylindric, 1.5-7 x 0.7-1 cm, spikes on usually on leaf extending (15-50 cm long), numerous deeply furrowed scapes; stamens long-exerted. Capsule 2-4 seeded; seeds dark brown to black.
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Polygonum hydropiper L. Family : Polygonaceae Vernacular : Jal-Marchi Characters : Rather slender, 30-75 cm high, glabrous annual; stems usually flushed with red, rooting under water and in mud. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 3-7 x 0.5-1.2 cm, ciliate-margined, scabrid. Racemes flexuous, often drooping. Nutlets black or amber, granulate.
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Glabrous or sparingly hairy annual, 15-75 cm tall. Lower leaves long petioled, 3-11 cm across; segments irregularly toothed at the top; upper leaves shortly stalked. Flowers 1-1.5 cm in diameter; sepals glabrous or pubescent, slightly shorter than petals. Achenes obscurely or distinctly tuburculate or spinous, intramarginally thickened.
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Reinwardtia indica Dummort. Family : Linaceae Vernacular : Basant-phull Characters : Glabrous; stems sometimes decumbent and rooting at nodes. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate, 1.5-6 x 0.7-2.5 cm, mucronate, pale beneath. Flowers yellow; styles normally 3, sometimes up to 9, variable in length. Capsule globose, 8 mm in diameter, stripped alternately with green and white.
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Senecio nudicaulis Buch.-Ham. Family :Asteraceae Vernacular : Sinreri Characters : Erect, 30-70 cm tall herb, glabrous or towards base cottony. Leaves cottony-tomentose beneath, radical and lower cauline obvate to obovate-oblong or spathulate, 7-26.5 x 2-8 cm, white or purple beneath, coarsely crenate to shallowly lobed; upper cauline leaves sessile, linear-oblong or spathulate, 2.5-16 x 0.5-5.5 cm. Heads yellow., 1.6-2 cm. Achenes pale-brown, hispid, ribbed.
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Silene conoidea L. Family : Caryophyllaceae Vernacular : Takla, Lolroo-Folroo, Trakla Characters : Erect ascending, 0.3-1.05 m tall, glandular viscid annual of wheat fields. Leaves connate at base, 4-14.5 x 0.4-1.8 cm, lower spathulate, upper oblong to lanceolate. Flowers pink, 2 cm in diameter in terminal panicles. Calyx tubular, inflated, 2-2.5 cm long, striate, conic ovoid in fruit. Claw of the petals auricled; limb with a pair of scales at base. Capsules contracted upwards, crustaceous; seeds reniform, brown, tubercled.
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Solanum nigrum L. Family : Solanaceae Vernacular : Kayan Kothi, Kankni Characters : Nearly glabrous, 30-60 cm high, erect or diffuse annual. Leaves dark green, ovate or ovate-oblong, 3-12 x 1.8-7 cm, entire to sinuate-toothed or lobed. Flowers white, 0.6 to about 1 cm diameter on drooping pedicles in sub-umbellate, extra axillary cymes. Berry 5-6 mm diameter.
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Sonchus asper Garsault Family : Asteraceae Vernacular : Dudhal Characters : Erect annual, 0.4-1 m tall; stem angled, hollow fleshy, green or flushed with purple. Leaves sub-coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate to obvate-oblong or pinnatifid,up to 36 x 9 cm, dark green above, glaucous beneath. Heads bright yellow, 2.5-3.5 cm diameter, like the young peduncles white-floccose below. Achenes ribbed, transversely rugose.
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Trichodesma indicum R.Br. Family : Boraginaceae Vernacular : Dhouli, Ratpattru Characters : Diffuse, greyish green herb, densely hispid with stiff, spreading hairs mixed with short pubescence. Leaves oblong elliptic or lanceolate, mostly 2.5-7 x 0.6-2.3 cm; base cordate or semiplexicaul. Flowers white or shades of blue and pink, characteristics by 5 large, brown, crescent shaped spots on corolla throat. Nutlets white or bluish grey, 4-5 mm long, rugose. Flowering : March-September Fruiting : April-October |
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Tridex procumbens L. Family : Asteraceae Vernacular : Kumra Characters : Procumbent,straggling perennial herb; stems weak, hairy, up to 90 cm long. Leaves in distant pairs, 2.5-8 x 1.2-5.5 cm, deeply and coarsely dentate, hairy. Heads 1.4-1.6 cm diameter, solitary on erect, 7-25 cm or longer peduncles; receptacle paleaceous. Ray florets creamy white or yellow; disk florets pale white. Achenes oblong, brown, silky, 2 mm long.
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Tulipa stellata Hook.f. Family : Liliaceae Vernacular : Maghey, Manghuna, Kayanlu Characters : glabrous herb, 20-40 cm tall, with few, linear, glaucous, rather thick, channeled leaves 8-30 x 0.2-1 cm, from below the middle of erect, scape like stem; bulb scales densely wooly within. Flowers showy, 2.5-6 cm long, campanulate, white with the outer perianth-lobes flushed with pink or purplish red without. Capsule oblong, 2.5 x 1.3 cm.
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Typha elephantia Roxb. Family : Typhaceae Vernacular : Dibb, Aera Characters : Gregarious, 1-2.5 m tall, robust herb of marshes, swamps and generally still waters. Leaves linear, erect, 0.6-1.2 cm broad, spongy. Flowers small, crowded in 2-3 terete, rod like unisexual spikes generally 12-20 x 0.5-2.3 cm and separated by intervals. Upper spikes male, slender and paler, the lower ones female and pale brown.
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Vicia hirsuta Gray. Family : Fabaceae Vernacular : Munmuna Characters : Sparingly pubescent, slender climbing annual; stems profuse, up to 1 m long or so. Leaves 2-7 cm long; leaf lets 4-10 pairs, linear-oblong, 0.5-2 cm long. Flowers 3-5 to a peduncle. Pod turgid, 0.8-1 cm long, oblong rhomboid; seeds brownish, mottled.
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Vicoa vestita Benth. Family : Asteraceae Vernacular : Jatari Characters : Rigid, usually much-branched, 25-85 cm tall annual; stems purplish red. Leaves villous, lanceolate or oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 2.5-9 x 0.8-2.5 cm, auricled, serrate or irregularly toothed to sub-entire. Heads yellow, 1.8-2.2 cm in diameter, involucral bracts squarrose, scarious-margined. Achenes oblong, thinly pubescent.
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Withania somnifera Dunal Family : Solanaceae Vernacular : Asgandh Characters : Erect, evergreen, shrubby perennial, usually up to 1 m high; branches finely stellate-tomentose, often with hoary mealy extremities. Leaves ovate to ovate-oblong or lanceolate, 6-17 x 3-10 cm, rounded, obtuse or acute. Flowers greenish or yellowish, 0.6-1 cm long. Ripe berry red. Flowering : January-September Fruiting : February-October |
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